Introduction
In this past week’s message, we continued to see God prepare Moses for the task of redeeming His people from Pharaoh’s oppression. This preparation—particularly through Moses tending his father-in-law’s flock—is humbling for two key reasons.
First, Moses had been reared in the palace of Egypt and was once a prince. Second, cultural biases made the role of a shepherd humiliating. In fact, Genesis 46 tells us that all shepherds were detestable to the Egyptians.
Yet while shepherds may have been despised by Egypt, they are honored in the Bible. The work and character of shepherds serve as a powerful metaphor, teaching us about God’s nature and the qualities expected of those who faithfully lead His people. In this way, Moses joins a long line of biblical shepherds whose stories illustrate faithfulness and leadership.
Before looking at these individuals, it’s important to ask: Why shepherds?
Why Shepherds?
The Bible is filled with references to shepherds and shepherding. But why is this occupation used so prominently to teach us about God?
The answer lies in the very nature of the job. Shepherds were responsible for protecting the flock. Sheep were vulnerable, especially at night, and faced danger from wild animals. It was the shepherd’s job to guard them—even at the risk of his own life.
Second, shepherds were tasked with feeding and guiding their sheep. Most biblical shepherds were nomadic, constantly searching for “green pastures and still waters” to nourish the flock. This required care, patience, and presence. Importantly, sheep were led, not driven—pointing to the kind of gentle, intentional leadership that reflects God’s heart.
Faithful Shepherds in Scripture
Abel – Though little is written about him, Abel is described as a “keeper of the flock.” His faithfulness is reflected in his offering: the firstborn of his flock, including the fat portions, which was pleasing to the Lord. Abel ultimately becomes the first martyr in Scripture. His story is honored in Hebrews 11:4, part of the “Hall of Faith.”
Abraham – Abraham’s identity as a shepherd is often overshadowed by his role as the father of nations. However, Genesis 13:2 and 13:5 highlight that he was rich in livestock and had many flocks and herds. The conflict between his herdsmen and Lot’s reveals how central shepherding was to his life. Abraham not only shepherded animals but also led his household faithfully.
Moses – Stay tuned to our Exodus series as we continue exploring how God used Moses’ time as a shepherd to shape him into the leader who would shepherd Israel out of bondage.
David – Perhaps the most well-known shepherd in the Old Testament, David began his journey caring for sheep in Bethlehem. His courage in defending the flock from lions and bears prepared him for facing Goliath (1 Sam. 17:34–37, 50–53). After leaving his flocks, David continued to shepherd God’s people as king. He becomes a type—a foreshadowing—of a greater shepherd to come.
The Shepherds in Luke – The Gospel of Luke introduces us to unnamed shepherds who received the angelic announcement of Jesus’ birth. Though little is known about them, their faithfulness shines in their response: they believed, went to see the Christ child, and shared the good news with others.
Jesus – If David is the type, then Jesus is the archetype. He fully embodies all the responsibilities of a shepherd—protecting, guiding, feeding, and laying down His life for the sheep. In John 10, Jesus declares, “I am the Good Shepherd.” Hebrews 13:20 takes this further, calling Him the “great shepherd of the sheep.” Jesus surpasses all others in both the depth of His love and the extent of His care.
Conclusion
The role of the shepherd is a rich and instructive biblical metaphor. It doesn’t end with Jesus. In the New Testament, elders are exhorted to “shepherd the flock of God” (1 Peter 5:2), continuing this imagery of faithful, selfless leadership.
Ultimately, all under-shepherds—whether prophets, kings, pastors, or elders—point us to God, who faithfully tends His people. May we grow in our appreciation of Him through the examples of these faithful men, and may all glory go to the Great Shepherd, Jesus Christ.